Biology 2 (plant and society)a Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biology 2 (plant and society)a - Assignment Example He discusses the totality of relevant aspects to undertaking this endeavor, from processing, and preparing the palm starch, how to transport and package it, and the organization of its distribution and production. The overall interpretations determined that the process of extraction, processing, and transport of the palm starch is a complex and involved. A process they may be performed differently dependent upon the culture, beliefs, and tools often used. 2)Is this an interdisciplinary study? Explain your answer. Yes, I would conclude that this is an entirely interdisciplinary endeavor. The research delves into botany, geography, biology, sociology, and ecology are all a part of the overall scope of all the elements needed. The extraction, packaging, and processing in multi-ethnic, multicultural areas could never be anything but an interdisciplinary project. 3)Why is the number of structural components of the extraction apparatus not necessarily a gauge of the complexity or efficienc y of the process? It can be extrapolated that the technology and physical equipment used in the process necessary to extract and process the palm starch is difficult to gauge its efficiency due a consistence of varying conditions. Simply meaning the environment, culture, and nature of where the extraction is being done may differ from one location to another. The hand press apparatus described uses, at least, 21 individual parts, which may increase to as many as 50-60 parts depending entirely on the number of troughs and conduits present. Who operates the apparatus, how often it is done, and in what manner the individuals operating the apparatus, and the whole of the extraction process, may differ entirely from another, dependent upon a number of social and cultural factors. Therefore, it can be harder to determine a single standard of total efficiency. 4)What basic principles had to have been known to develop the technology? In order to undertake such an endeavor it was necessary f or those involved to be aware of a many number of things. They would need to be aware of the local ecologies, but, also, the cultural and social values of the peoples that reside there. They would also, need to be aware of the potential consequences of their endeavor on an environmental level. As stated before this endeavor is clearly interdisciplinary, in order to accomplish the project all consideration would need to be addressed. 5)Why would this method of starch extraction not be applicable to sugar extraction? Obtaining sugar from the starch of the sago palm would require a several hour process of hydrolysis; with water at a temperature of, approximately, 190 degrees, therefore the process used in extracting the starch specifically would not lend itself to extracting sugars. The water used during the starch extraction is cool water, not hot. This stands out as the primary reason that this process would not be beneficial for extracting sugar. 6)Examine the location of Seram (for merly Ceram) in an atlas. What was its role during the years of the spice trade? Ceram, as it was once referred, along with Halmahera and Buru, make-up the three large islands in eastern Indonesia called the Moluccas. The Moluccas were, also, called the â€Å"spice islands;† a title they earned for good reason. These islands were the origin of, both, nutmeg and clove. In the 1500s the island were colonized by the Portuguese, who

The role of propaganda for the functioning and survival of human Essay

The role of propaganda for the functioning and survival of human society - Essay Example The paper tells that McKenzie in his book â€Å"Propaganda and Empire† has highlighted the extreme importance of the 19th century ideological constructs. He has suggested that the durability of the term has assisted the development of hurdles in the economic progress of the UK during the 20th century. This aspect has become an important part of debates in the post colonial period. While investigating and evaluating the foundation of such ideologies, McKenzie examined children’s literature, school text books exhibitions, radio, films and theater. He concluded that as a consequence of imperial propaganda, the middle classes were able to achieve economic advantages under the garb of idealistic processes. In this process, morality was substituted by mercenary motives and enhanced adventure and romance for military and political aggressions. Thus, it became a significant change of past imperialist urges that matched the revised concepts of colonial settings. Across the entir e middle ages till the modern period, there has been immense reliance on propaganda and no society has refrained from it. For instance the constant conflicts amongst the monarchy and parliament in Britain has been a historic struggle whereby propaganda has always been used. Propaganda has been used as a weapon in the American independence movement, while it was also liberally used during the French Revolution. The maximum use of propaganda was made during the First World War, and both communists and fascists were aggressively involved in revolutionary propaganda after the war ended. After having captured power, both sections attempted to grab territories that extended further than their national boundaries, through the use of propaganda. In the modern world, man’s creativity has perfected means of communication that extends the impact of ideas and information in quickly spreading the required appeals. Nevertheless, the technological developments can be constructively used for the creation of peace and international welfare. However, leaders such as Mussolini and Hitler chose to use this medium for inhuman and selfish objectives and thereby created a negative picture of propaganda in the modern world (Herman and Chomsky, 1988). The development of politics in the modern world has stimulated the impacts of propaganda and is now considered an essential element of political campaigns in democratic systems. Propaganda now appears to be an essential part of the democratic process because the candidates seeking nominations are expected to appeal to the voting constituencies through strong promises and planned programs. After being elected, politicians have to appeal to the electorate for their opinion on suitability and dependability of their efforts and policies. It thus becomes necessary for political parties to engage in propaganda to justify and explain their course of action to the public. During peace time, democratic governments mostly engage in propagan da in making people aware of the available services and in creating popular support for themselves. Recent developments such as globalization have expanded the scope of propaganda because under circumstances of mass consumption and mass production, propaganda techniques have transformed in creating involvement of different entities such as employees, consumers, interest groups and the public at large (Farrell and Smith, 1967). Hate propaganda creates harm to people by negatively impacting their dignity and feeling of self worth. In addition, it harms society as a whole as it obliterates social accord and leads to discriminatory practices and violence, thereby leading to the creation of a hostile atmosphere amongst those that are besieged in the same society. Hate propaganda works in dehumanizing people in the

Impact Of The Belief System On Perception Of Mental Illness Philosophy Essay

Impact Of The Belief System On Perception Of Mental Illness Philosophy Essay The present study aims to assess the impact of belief system on perception of mental illness. Belief system is major principle from which one live ones daily life, those which govern ones thoughts, words, and actions. Without these principles one could not function. Belief system essentially makes up who we are. Our belief system is made up of a set of core values, which we tend to base everything we do, say, or believe in. This study would be helpful in identifying the impact of belief system on perception of mental illness and preferred mode of treatment. A belief is not merely an idea the mind possesses; it is an idea that possesses the mind. A belief is a thought we hold and deeply trust about something. Beliefs tend to be buried deep within the subconscious with the result that they trigger automatic reactions and behaviors. We seldom question beliefs; we hold them to be truths. Belief loosely, whatever an individual is willing to accept without direct verification by experience or without the support of evidence, and take as a basis for action or non-action. META HISTORY.ORG. (Beyond the tyranny of beliefs) The nature of belief systems.People have different beliefs about different perspectives of life. It affects our life and how we move in the world. What we do and dont believe dictates how we set up our life, our moods and everything we experience. Belief systems are fundamental to human existence and there are a few ideas worth exploring to see if anything can be determined about their origins. Without getting into brain physiology or psychology, there are a few conclusions we can draw from general observation. The brain is our information processing center, so it is capable of accepting data input and analyzing it. However, lets break the functions down a little more precisely. Data coming in is always examined; however most of it never reaches the conscious portion of our thought processes, so there is a background process which acts as a filter on the data being entered. Should something unusual occur, our conscious mind is alerted to the discrepancy and we can now consciously analyze what is taking place. There are also other processes which must occur for this to work properly, in that the brain must be capable of retrieving pertinent information when it is needed, so there is clearly an organizing capability in the brain that allows data relationships to be established. While this may describe brain operation at a high level, theres a basic problem that needs to be addressed; how do we know what information is relevant or useful? There is no doubt that much of the information processed is simply background noise in that it represents events that we have grown accustomed to since birth, so we dont pay any particular attention to them. So when we encountered something new or different we need to have a quick mechanism to be able to classify the data without protracted analysis. After all, whatever we have encountered could threaten our survival, so while we could contemplate it during a more leisurely interval, we must be capable of immediately assessing where it fits among our existing pool of data. Such a scenario requires that, in addition to basic organization, the brain utilizes some form of a framework or worldview against which data is evaluated and collected. This worldview or belief system w ould consist of data drawn from experience that represents our subjective sense of the world around us. It doesnt necessarily have to be factually correct, but it does need to be operational.As an example, if ghosts are not a part of the belief system, then unusual happenings or noises, dont immediately elicit a response of supernatural origins. Instead, we would look for the cause of the event among our experiential knowledge. Similarly all the data we encounter must fit into our belief system. (Gerhard Adam, 2009). A belief is whatever an individual is willing to accept without direct verification by experience or without the support of evidence, resulting in assumption which is taken as a basis for action or non-action. Societies, cultures, religions and individuals contribute to the diversity of our world. Each persons beliefs, values and attitudes create ones own unique belief system, each exclusive belief system being valid for the individual. These basic components, manipulated by inward and outward events are the essence of that which drives influences and motivates human thinking that leads to behavior (Walsch, 2003). Negative behaviors and interactions in work environments often stem from human beings diverse belief systems. In an effort to understand each others belief systems, it is important to first understand ones own belief system. Understanding is vital for building a respectful civilization. (Connie M. Ross, 2004) Belief is the psychological state in which an individual holds a proposition or premise to be true. Belief system is the actual set of precept from which one live ones daily life, those which govern ones thoughts, words, and actions. Without these precepts one could not function. Belief system essentially makes up who we are. Our belief system is made up of a set of core values, which we tend to base everything we do, say, or believe in. These beliefs are regarding too many things like beliefs about food, health, illness etc. (John Stuart Mill, 1863) A mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern associated with distress or disability that occurs in an individual and is not a part of normal development or culture. The recognition and understanding of mental health conditions has changed over time and across cultures, and there are still variations in the definition, assessment, and classification of mental disorders, although standard guideline criteria are widely accepted. (Davies, T. 1997) Mental disorders can arise from a combination of sources. In many cases there is no single accepted or consistent cause currently established. A common belief even to this day is that disorders result from genetic vulnerabilities exposed by environmental stressors. (Diathesis-stress model). However, it is clear enough from a simple statistical analysis across the whole spectrum of mental health disorders at least in western cultures that there is a strong relationship between the various forms of severe and complex mental disorder in adulthood and the abuse (physical, sexual or emotional) or neglect of children during the developmental years. Child sexual abuse alone plays a significant role in the causation of a significant percentage of all mental disorders in adult females, most notable examples being eating disorders and borderline personality disorder. (Mental disorder in Encyclopedia) Treatment and support for mental disorders is provided in psychiatric hospitals, clinics or any of a diverse range of community mental health services. In many countries services are increasingly based on a recovery model that is meant to support each individuals independence, choice and personal journey to regain a meaningful life, although individuals may be treated against their will in a minority of cases. There are a range of different types of treatment and what is most suitable depends on the disorder and on the individual. Many things have been found to help at least some people, and a placebo effect may play a role in any intervention or medication. (Phillip W. Long, M.D. 1995-2009) The first theory is that mental illness is caused by malignant and nefarious supernatural entities. The main symptom of this illness is possession in varied degrees. The main adherents of this theory are in tribal a peasant societies, however one comes across these ideas not only in small towns but in metropolises also. This would explain the popularity of healing centers that deal with spirit possession in several parts of India. One of the extremely well known centers of this type is a temple of the monkey-go (Hanuman), known as the Bala-ji temple, in the district of Sawai Madhopur in Rajasthan, which is visited by people of all shades of life (Kakar, 1982). Recently, after the Erwadi incident, in the state of Tamil Nadu, in which twenty-seven mentally ill patients who were chained to poles and trees died in an accidental fire, we have learnt of a number of religious shrines in India reputed to render cure to mentally sick people (see Wadhwa, 2001). At one end of the continuum lies the supernatural theory of mental illness, at the other is the bio-chemical theory. This continuum overlaps that of the societies; at one end are the tribal and peasant societies, at the other the complex, industrial and post-industrial societies. It also indicates that as societies change from simple to complex, the theory of causation mental illness also changes from the supernatural to the bio-chemical. Some grain of truth certain lies in this proposition, for it is highly unlikely that tribal an peasant societies would subscribe to the bio-chemical theory of mental illness. In these societies it is not only mental illness but also physical illness, which is understood as being caused by supernatural factors. Moreover, it has also been observed that many tribal and peasant societies do not maintain a distinction between physical and mental illness (Becker and Kleinman, 1999). An important observation here is that urban Indians including those belonging to highly educated, upper classes often attribute mental illness to supernatural causes. These theories of disease causation have implications for the treatment of mental illness. Those believing in supernatural causation will approach the spiritual healers. If mental illness is viewed as consequence of shock, the belief is that in course of time the person will recover from it, therefore counseling will constitute the main treatment. When bio-chemical deviations in the brain are seen as causing mental illness, the people are likely to approach psychiatrists for treatment and counseling. It is also likely they may combine both supernatural and biochemical treatments, assuming the absence of any contradiction between them. An important part of mental health is how you perceive the world around you. Your sense organs receive signals and pass them through the nervous system to the brain, which processes the information. The mind then interprets that information. There are some built in filters, which help the process. For example, you can sometimes filter out background noise, so that you can concentrate on what you are doing without distraction. Attitudes and emotions can affect the perception process. You may read the implications of what another person says and his body language differently, depending on if you like the person or not. (Ron Kurtus 29 August 2004) Our belief system is the actual set of precepts from which we live our daily life, those which govern our thoughts, words, and actions. Without these precepts we could not function, so in order to take this journey, and to give it some meaning.   Belief systems involve stories, or myths, whose interpretation can give people insight into how they should feel, think, and/or behave. The elaborate polytheistic mythologies of the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations are a good example of how belief systems can affect the daily life of a societys members and the role they can play in giving significance to peoples actions. The most prominent systems of beliefs tend to be those associated with formal religions; however, any system of belief in which the interpretation of stories affects peoples behavior, a system of superstitions, for example can be a living, contributing component of a given societys culture. Values and beliefs as components of culture. Our concern here is with belief systems, which we might equally call religions, ideologies, philosophies, worldviews, or ways of life. Belief system always has an ideology or philosophy, a collection of ideas, a framework for organizing thoughts. One important function of a belief system is to serve as a framework for thought and action. It explains where the world comes from and where its going; what our purpose in it is; how society should be organized; how people should treat each other; when youre messing up and what to do about it. All this is very comforting, and allows believers to focus their energies. (Mark Rosenfelder, 1998) Our Belief System can be one of our most powerful assets or our worst enemy. Our belief system essentially makes up who we are. Our belief system is made up of a set of core values, which we tend to base everything we do, say, or believe in. (Peacefulmind.com 2007-2012). There are different beliefs prevails about the causes of disorders and according to beliefs, people adopts different treatments to cure themselves from these disease.They have beliefs that there are supernatural power factors, social factors, personal factors and also biological factors which, contribute to psychological problems and different people have their specific beliefs about healing such as spiritual healing, psychological treatment, medical treatment and sometimes these methods are used in combination of two like medical and spiritual and psychological and spiritual as well. The term supernatural or supranatural (Latin: super, supra above + natura nature) pertains to being above beyond or what is natural, unexplainable by natural law or phenomena. (Joseph Jastrow, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1918 Study of Beliefs and Attitudes) There are different categories of supernatural powers, such as Taweez (amulets),Witchcraft, Jinn possession, magic or spirit possession, Evil Eye, Divine punishment and Gods Will. People have beliefs that these supernatural powers can cause physical as well as psychological diseases. People believe that these powers can cause different bodily as well as psychological diseases. They have beliefs about causes of mental illness which include personal causes and social causes of mental illness such as; addiction, lack of will power, financial distress and stressful circumstances etc.The people also believe that biological factors also can cause a psychological illness.these biological factors include;hereditary,contact with mentally ill, child birth and chemical imbalances. And according to their belief about the causes of illness they adopt the type of treatment which they believe. The types of treatment for mental illness in Pakistan are different as most of the people dont have awaren ess about these illnesses. Most preferred treatment option is spiritual healing, then doctor (general physician and less adopted treatment is consulting to psychologists/psychiatrists. Spiritual healing is a phenomenon in which a disease is cured without prescribing any medicine by performing some religious rituals. A healer may act as an intermediary. In all the other types of healing methods such as Allopathic, homeopathic, desi and unani, some medicines are prescribed to take, by which the disease is cured but in this method of spiritual healing, the healer uses only his spiritual powers and some particular to cure any disease. It also involves in dealing with the psychological problems of the people i.e. some psychological diseases treated by it and some people psychologically feel satisfied visiting any spiritual healer. In this system of healing, the cure is related to spiritual healer where divine powers moves in the hands of the healer which he gains through complex act of meditation. All cultures have unique ways to identify, understand and deal with symptoms of what mainstream society calls mental illness, as well as different reference points for describing atypical behaviors. Different diagnostic schema or terminologies may exist, and causes may be attributed to folk beliefs rather than psychological or biologic causes. Often the preferred means of dealing with these symptoms is through native healers, religious rites, or holistic and alternative medicine. Many have traditionally resolved problems within the family, and focus more on external environmental circumstances that affect the individual rather than intrinsic processes (Lim, 2006). In a report surveying gains in mental health, the U.S. Surgeon General found, Even more than other areas of health and medicine, the mental health field is plagued by disparities in the availability of and access to its services, and multi-cultural ethnic groups bear the heaviest burden of unmet mental health needs and reduced productivity (Surgeon Generals Report on Mental Health 1999; 2001). The actual seeking of professional mental health treatment may be delayed until problems have become especially intense and beyond the supports their cultural communities can provide. As a result, cultural groups are underserved in outpatient community based programs. If accepted for outpatient treatment, fewer services or treatment sessions are utilized and treatment often terminates early with feelings of alienation. Few studies have documented successful outcomes of mental health treatment among multi-cultural populations, even when ethnic and language matching have been tried (Snowden, undated). Delays in seeking treatment and premature terminations create a cyclical reliance on increasingly more costly crisis services. (Munoz, Sanchez, SAMHSA-WICHE, undated). Private sector programs typically are inaccessible to members of minority cultural groups (SAMHSA, 1996). Contributory factors for the under-utilization of the mental health system are socio-economic, familial, financial, geographic inaccessibility and problems related to immigration status. These have been attributed to access barriers created by financial deterrents to seeking care, program locations and service hours, and treatment problems related to misdiagnosis (USDHHS, SAMHSA, 1997). Language barriers (especially during assessment and treatment), cultural misunderstandings, prejudice, and difficulties with acculturation to American society also play a role (Corrigan P et. al, 2008). In care, communication difficulties may lead to inappropriate treatment (Sue et al., 1991); HYPERLINK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3760850Lopez HYPERLINK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3760850HYPERLINK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3760850 Hernandez, 1986), ineffective case management and inadequate referrals (New York State Office of Mental Health (NYSOMH), 1997).   Such alienation may lead to premature drop-out from treatment (Snowden, 1996, 2001; Proctor HYPERLINK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8209290HYPERLINK http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8209290 Davis, 1994). Other deterrents include lack of knowledge about available services, distance from service center, limited hours of operation, and lack of child-care. Belief drives behavior, but often belief is not based on experience and so does not reach or reflect the intimately lived dimension of human existence Some things are proposed to have certain properties which may be  logically inconsistent, and hence these things can be proved not to exist. Dr. Niclas Berggren from A Note on the Concept of Belief. To start our journey in life, we create a set of beliefs, which define us. As part of our healing process, we take our beliefs as our ultimate truth and often do not sway from them. Sometimes, it is necessary to reinvent our belief system and redefine our values so that we can see clearer and be able to achieve the fulfilling life that we desire. (Peacefulmind.com 2007-2012) Mind medicine imparts the healing power on the entire body. This can be seen repeatedly in many forms of Eastern medicine. The psychological root-cause of each persons belief system, which becomes the texture of how we live our lives, can be expressed in the subtle energies of the body as well as in the expression of disease. (Peacefulmind.com 2007-2012). Healers and religious men in the succeeding generation further attempted to organize. Contemporary thoughts about mental illness and to develop appropriate diagnostic categorizes while some men perceived disordered behavior as sickness of the soul. Others brought early beginning of scientific thinking to the effort to understand the mystery of human abnormality. Unfortunately, the progressive gains of the Greeks and Romans Empire. The dark brought revival of demonology, intricate theological explanations and magical forms of exorcism. No matter what form of therapy we use, be it spiritual, psychological, medicinal, we are only capable in balancing our lives as we are by the beliefs we hold in our heart.

Macbeth: Natural Vs. Unnatural :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In different periods of time, the lives of humans and nature were thought to have a connection, and this is emphasized in William Shakespeare's play MacBeth. In this play, unnatural events in nature foreshadow bad or unnatural occurrences in the lives of humans. Through out the play, Shakespeare continuously proves this point.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Ross said "As sparrows eagles or the hare the lion" (I.ii.35), it proves this theory. Common knowledge says that sparrows do not classify as eagles does a hare classify as a lion. They may have similarities, such as they are both birds or mammals, but they are opposites. After the quote is spoken, Ross reveals that the Thane of Cawdor has betrayed his country and Macbeth shall take his place. Macbeth becoming the Thane of Cawdor was an unusual event and not expected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Macbeth finds the dagger in front of him, it alludes to this point even more. The foreshadowing of Macbeth's choice becomes evident when he says, "Nature seems dead" (II.i.50) For nature to seem dead would be the complete opposite of living because nature is thought to be continuously growing and changing, not dying. This is an unnatural event, that again foreshadows something bad, which is Duncan's death. Other unnatural occurrences happened prior to Duncan's death but were not explained until afterwards. When the old man says "'Tis unnatural / Even like the deed that's done. On Tuesday last A falcon tow'ring in her pride of place, was by a mousing hawk killed" (II.iv.10-13), it also proves the connection between unnatural events and humans. An owl tends to eat mice and hunt at night, a hawk is not it's usual meal. This strange event occurred prior to Duncan's death, which told of things to come. Another quote spoken by Ross, also foreshadows Duncan's death: "And Duncan's horses?. turned wild in nature, broke their stalls, flung out, Contending 'gainst obedience, as they would make way with man kind" And the old man responded with "'Tis said they eat each other'/" (II.

Bruce Beresford’s “Black Robe”: A Movie About Religious Conversion

Alexander Bermeo February 25, 2013 WHO 2001 – U01 Black Robe Although throughout the film it was evident that other Indian tribes, such as the Iroquois and Algonquin, did not want to convert to Christianity because it went against their own beliefs, the Huron’s were able to go against their belief and accept Christianity.Despite the Huron’s disapproval of the religion because of their own beliefs they eventually accept the religion based on the perception of father LaForgue and his humbleness when he arrives to the settlement, the Huron’s respective chauvinism changes and begins to tolerate the religion as time goes by when the settlement accepts Christianity and the honesty LaForgue gives off, and a cultural rapprochement is evident when the Huron settlement accept Christianity when father LaForgue is there and becomes the priest of the settlement.The film Black Robe shows that there was a successful convergence of the religion the Huron’s had to C hristianity. Throughout the film all the tribes did not like father LaForgue, as well as LaForgue’s assistant, Daniel. It is clear the Indians do not like father LaForgue because they discriminate him by referring to him as â€Å"black robe† and not by his actual name. (Black Robe) Also, when the Algonquin’s abandon LaForgue Daniel continues with the Indian tribe and they do not like it nor do they like him following them.For example, one member of the tribe attempts to murder Daniel as he is following the tribe. (Black Robe) However, despite all these things that have occurred father LaForgue remains humble and when he finally reaches the Huron settlement he respects the tribe and tells them that he loves them even though the other Indians tortured him and put him through a tough journey. During father LaForgue’s journey to the Huron settlement it is clear that each Indian tribe show a strong chauvinistic view on their respective religions. For example, even though LaForgue goes through many trials and ribulations with the Algonquin tribe, he is still with the chief as he is dying and still refuses LaForgue’s request to convert, and the chief even tells his daughter to abandon LaForgue because he witnessed it in his dream. (Black Robe) However, when LaForgue finally reaches the Huron’s it is evident that they too were strong in their faith. It is clear that they did not want to accept Christianity because they murdered one of the French inhabitants that were there in the beginning. (Black Robe) Despite the Huron’s resistance, they eventually accepted father LaForgue and Christianity because he was honest and loving towards the Huron’s.LaForgue was able to reveal the previous inhabitants lie to the Huron’s that baptism will cure their disease by saying it wouldn’t and be honest to the Huron’s to gain their respect, as well as their trust. Throughout the film there is always tension be tween the Indians and father LaForgue based on his ethnicity and more importantly his religion. However, a cultural rapprochement is reached between LaForgue and the Huron’s towards the end of the movie. This is evident when LaForgue finally reaches the settlement and sees that the Huron’s are lost and hopeless because they are slowly dying due to disease.Seeing how weak they are, LaForgue is asked by the Huron’s many questions to solidify his presence in the settlement. LaForgue eventually tells them the truth about the baptizing and that he loves all of them, even though he was mistreated and abandoned by the other Indians. When LaForgue is asked the question if he loves them, he flashes back on all the faces of the Indians he encountered on his voyage and he also reaches a cultural rapprochement with the Huron’s, and all the other Indians, by saying he loves them. With that response, the Huron’s accept LaForgue, and Christianity, and are baptize d at the end of the film. (Black Robe)Although throughout the film it is evident that the Indians, such as the Iroquois and Algonquin, reject Christianity because it goes against their own beliefs, the Huron’s were able to go against their own beliefs and accept Christianity. The Huron’s were able to accept Christianity because of the perception father LaForgue gave off and his humbleness he evokes in the settlement, the Huron’s respective chauvinism begins to change as they forego their own religion and accept Christianity through father LaForgue, and a cultural rapprochement is evident when father LaForgue arrives at the settlement and baptizes the Huron’s.

Central Group and Jirathivat Family Essay

Tiang Jirathiwat moved from China to Thailand with no asset. In 1947, he started a general store in in Samphanthawong district, Bangkok’s Chinatown. In 1957, his son, Samrit Jirathiwat, opened the first Central Department Store in Wangburapha and developed later on. In 1968, Central Silom was run with loss because people thought the imported items might be too expensive ! After two years, the Jirathiwats changed the strategy and made profit. Some family members (2nd Generation) were sent to study abroad and came back to develop Central Chidlom with Siblings and relatives. So, Central Chidlom made profit since its first year. Management Styles : First Generation : Tao Kae (concerned on cost of goods, loss and profit) Second Generation : Committee (concerned more on investment and finance) Third Generation : Family Council (development by family members under the family’s rules and regulations) The business transition from the first to the second generation was not complex, but from the second to the third generation was more complex, since nowadays there were much more business factors. For Central Group, which has been operating with many family members, there must be the rules and regulations besides the business issues. To be more focused on the third generation, they must work together and compromise â€Å"conservative† and with the â€Å"aggressive† styles ! Rotation and Distribution When to business turns to be more complex and operated by the larger numbers of family members, to make decisions is not simple. All Jirathiwats must know all A, B, C and D steps. Moreover, since the family members are graduated and have experiences in various fields, the work rotation and distribution are very efficient. Different families of Jirathiwats will work together, which leads to the family relation and unity. Jirathiwats is in charge of knowledge and experience of all family members. They focus both on â€Å"Drive and Control† as well as â€Å"Transition† of the family business. â€Å"The elements of strong business are Strategy, Money and People – money will bring strategies successful, but without good people, there won’t be an effective implementation†. (Tos Jirathiwat, CEO of CRC since 2002) Challenges In general family business, the CEO is wearing three hats; head of the family, business owner and the administrative CEO. This person must well balance all three actions, to be more specific, if he is focusing more on business issues, the family relationship can be weak. He should support the family members to be gradually evolved the business to make the members feel with this â€Å"family business† and are willing to involve of the business continuously. Hence, the conflict of interest will not be existing among the business performance and family harmony. This will make the transition to the next (4th) Generation the most possibly efficient. â€Å"The business competition is same as the war, which needs not only the individual ability but team work ! â€Å" Preventions â€Å"We must separate into two main issues; issues among family members and issues among stakeholders† (Tos Chirathivat, CEO of CRC since 2002) 1. Family Council From this reason, Family Council has been set in order to direct all Jirathiwats and give them rights and compensations. Here are some issues on Family Council : – Descriptions of a good member of Jirathiwat – The Rights that all Jirathiwats will receive, for instance, funds of birth giving, education, infrastructure expenses in family house, health care and hospitality. 2. Family Business Constitution Family constitution is strategies and solutions which should be implemented to deal with family-related matters that impact on business issues. It is necessary for family business to set regulations or rules in order to prevent conflicts that can happen. By the way, conflicts are the cause that creates regulation or rules. An effective Family Business Constitution might include: – criteria for joining the family business – a definition of roles – responsibilities of active – mechanisms to be adopted for the transfer of ownership and leadership. Jirathiwat Family also has a Family Constitution which will maintain harmony and co-operation, also solve conflicts. Agreements for family business are a clear, simple, understandable and enforceable set of guidelines for the effective operation and continuance of the enterprise. The 8 following issues are the Family Constitution of Jirathiwat, which seems to be very strict, but to link all family members together and to the family business: 1. All Jirathiwat families must stay in the same house, doing all activities together. 2. Everyone must respect in seniority, for example, parents will teach children, elder brother will teach his younger siblings. 3. Ranking is more important than age. 4. Democracy comes first and everyone has a right to express ideas. 5. All boys must be sent to Assumptions, girls to Mater Dei and everyone should be sent abroad. 6. The responsibities in business will be distributed to each, based on age, not seniority. 7. A bad action will be broadcasted to all family members as a bad example. 8. Instead of giving compliments, those persons who have good outcomes, will receive more business tasks and responsibilities. Lesson Learned Joel Arthur Barker said that â€Å"a set of rules and regulations (written or unwritten) that does two things† which are 1. It establishes or defines boundaries For Central: Everyone must have 6-year-experiences outside before coming back work with family 2. It tells you how to behave inside the boundaries in order to success For Central: Not doing business that competes with family business family business or relies on the mail family business. Prevention Before Solve – by setting regulations Put the right man on the right job – separate people up to their potential Last but not learst, as Jirathiwat has a policy in a form of â€Å"Executive Committee† operated by CEO group, business issues are apart from family issues. This is why they can have a strong family relationship, in the meanwhile, the business has been very well operated and continuously worldwide expanded only by family members.

Linguistic Typology

Linguistic Typology Linguistic Typology is the analysis, comparison, and classification of languages according to their common structural features and forms. This is also called cross-linguistic typology.   The branch of linguistics that studies the structural similarities between languages, regardless of their history, as part of an attempt to establish a satisfactory classification, or typology, of languages is known as typological linguistics (Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics, 2008). Examples   Typology is the study of linguistic systems and recurring patterns of linguistic systems. Universals are typological generalizations based on these recurring patterns.Linguistic typology took off in its modern form with the ground-breaking research of Joseph Greenberg, such as, for example, his seminal paper on a cross-linguistic survey of word order leading to a series of implicational universals (Greenberg 1963). . . . Greenberg also attempted to establish methods for quantifying typological studies, in order that linguistic typology could meet scientific standards (cf. Greenberg 1960 [1954]). Furthermore, Greenberg re-introduced the importance of studying the ways languages change, but with the emphasis that language changes give us possible explanations for language universals (cf., for example, Greenberg 1978).Since Greenbergs pioneering efforts linguistic typology has grown exponentially and is, as any science, continuously being enhanced and redefined as to methods and approac hes. The last few decades have seen the compilation of large-scale databases with the help of ever more refined technology, which have led to new insights as well as given rise to new methodological issues.(Viveka Velupillai, An Introduction to Linguistic Typology. John Benjamins, 2013) Tasks of Linguistic Typology Among the tasks of general linguistic typology we include . . . a) the classification of languages, i.e., the construction of a system to order natural languages on the basis of their overall similarity; b) the discovery of the mechanism of construction of languages, i.e., the construction of a system of relationships, a network by means of which not only the obvious, categorial mechanisms of language can be read but also the latent ones.(G. Altmann and W. Lehfeldt, Allgemeinge Sprachtypologie: Prinzipien und Messverfahren, 1973; quoted by Paolo Ramat in Linguistic Typology. Walter de Gruyter, 1987) Fruitful Typological Classifications: Word Order In principle, we might pick on any structural feature and use it as the basis of classification. For example, we could divide languages into those in which the word for a canine animal is [dog] and those in which it isnt. (The first group here would contain exactly two known languages: English and the Australian language Mbabaram.) But such a classification would be pointless since it wouldnt lead anywhere.The only typological classifications which are of interest are those which are fruitful. By this, we mean that the languages in each category should turn out to have other features in common, features which are not used to set up the classification in the first place.[The most celebrated and fruitful of all typological classifications has proved to be one in terms of basic word order. Proposed by Joseph Greenberg in 1963 and more recently developed by John Hawkins and others, word-order typology has revealed a number of striking and previously unsuspected correlations. For example, a language with SOV [Subject, Object, Verb] order is highly likely to have modifiers that precede their head nouns, auxiliaries that follow their main verbs, postpositions instead of prepositions, and a rich case system for nouns. A VSO [Verb, Subject, Object] language, in contrast, usually has modifiers that follow their nouns, auxiliaries that precede their verbs, prepositions, and no cases.(R.L. Trask, Language, and Linguistics: The Key Concepts, 2nd ed., edited by Peter Stockwell. Routledge, 2007) Typology and Universals [T]ypology and universals research are intimately related: if we have a set of significant parameters whose values none the less show a high degree of correlation, then the network of relations among these parameter values can equally be expressed in the form of a network of implicational universals (absolute or tendencies).Clearly, the more widespread the net of logically independent parameters that can be linked in this way, the more significant is the typological base being used.(Bernard Comrie, Language Universals, and Linguistic Typology: Syntax and Morphology, 2nd ed. The University of Chicago Press, 1989) Typology and Dialectology There is evidence from linguistic varieties around the world, including Greek dialects, to suggest that the distribution of structural characteristics over the worlds languages may not be entirely random from a sociolinguistic point of view. For example, we have seen indications that long-term contact involving child bi-lingualism may lead to increased complexity, including redundancy. Conversely, contact involving adult second language acquisition may lead to increased simplification. Furthermore, communities with dense, tightly-knit social networks may be more likely to demonstrate fast-speech phenomena and the consequences of this, and more likely to experience unusual sound changes. I would like to suggest, moreover, that insights of this type can complement research in linguistic typology by giving an explanatory edge to the findings of this discipline. And I would also suggest that these insights should give some sense of urgency to typological research: if it is true that cert ain types of linguistic structure are to be found more frequently, or possibly only, in dialects spoken in smaller and more isolated communities, then we had better research these types of communities as rapidly as we can while they still exist. Source Peter Trudgill, The Impact of Language Contact and Social Structure. Dialectology Meets Typology: Dialect Grammar From a Cross-linguistic Perspective, ed. by Bernd Kortmann. Walter de Gruyter, 2004

buy custom The Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water essay

buy custom The Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water essay The world is currently facing a problem of scarcity of fresh water resources. In many of the arid regions of the world, the need of additional sources of fresh water is very important. This is because many arid areas lack availability of fresh water resources such as rivers and lakes. Arid regions are served with limited underground water resources (Perlman 2011). However, water from these resources is increasingly becoming salty due to the continued distraction from the aquifers. There is a need to ensure that arid regions have a constant supply of fresh water in order to ensure continuity of life in these regions (Perlman 2011). One of the methods that can be used to ensure supply of fresh water to arid regions of the world is desalination (Perlman 2011). Desalination, also known as distillation, is one of the oldest methods of treating water. Currently, desalination remains to be the most popular method of treating water. Desalination is a very feasible method of supplying fresh water to arid regions of the world. This is because; the method has been in use even before the civilization era and the industrial revolution. During the ancient times, travelers would use desalination to get drinking water while on voyage on the sea/ocean. In the modern world, desalination is still used on ships. Modern ships are installed with desalination plants, which convert seawater into fresh water. Apart from seawater, which is salty, over the years, desalination has been used to treat water that has been contaminated by natural or unnatural pollutants. According to the U.S. department of Geological Survey (USGS), desalination is perhaps the one water treatment technique that most completely reduces the widest range of drinking water contaminants) (Perlman 2011). For this reason, desalination can be used to ensure that arid regions of the world have a constant supply of fresh water. Studies indicate that by the year 2002, there were around 12,500 desalination plants in 120 countries of the world. These plants produce around 14 million m/day of freshwater. Although the production of these plants is very low compared to the worlds daily consumption of freshwater, they contribute greatly in supply of freshwater to countries located in arid regions. If more desalination plants were to be constructed in all arid regions of the world, then their production of freshwater would increase, hence contributing more to supply of freshwater to arid regions. In addition, facts aout desalination indicate that many of the countries of the Middle East region depend on desalination technology for supply of freshwater (Gratzfeld, 2003). These countries include Saudi Arabia, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Kuwait, and Bahrain. Some of these countries have been experiencing positive economic growth over the last few decades, while depending on desalination for freshwater supply (Gratzfeld 2003). Availability of freshwater is very vital for development of an economy, because all domestic water requirements need freshwater. This indicates that desalination technique is a very feasible method of supplying freshwater to arid regions of the world. Countries located in arid regions can prosper economically while depending on desalination as a sole supply of freshwater. Furthermore, in the United States, residents of California and Florida states depend on desalination technology for supply of freshwater (Gratzfeld 2003). California and Florida account for 6.5 percent use of desalinated water in world. These states have continued to experience good economic development despite lack of availability of natural source of freshwater, thanks to desalination technology. This provides more evidence about the feasibility of desalination as a source of supply of freshwater to arid regions of the world. Another feasible source of freshwater to arid regions of the world is Seawater Greenhouse (Paton 2008). This method of supplying freshwater to arid areas was proposed during the Fourth World Conference on the Future of Science in September 2008. Seawater greenhouse technology combines with the technology of solar energy. Here, seawater is diverted to various inland depressions located below the sea level. Then, solar power plants installed inside the inland depressions are used to produce energy for inducing high rate of evaporation of the water. Large quantities of seawater are evaporated, which falls back on the desert land in a form of rainfall (Paton 2008). This method of supply freshwater has been successful in countries located in arid regions of the world. For instance, countries such as Egypt, Eritrea, Tunisia, and Libya have large inland depressions, seawater greenhouses, which act as sources of freshwater for domestic uses and irrigation. Egypt is a very good example of a country, which depends on seawater greenhouses for supply of freshwater for irrigation purposes. Currently, Egypt is one of the largest importers of horticultural products in the African continent despite the fact that it is a desert country. It relies on seawater greenhouses for freshwater. It is therefore clear that this technology is very feasible and can be used by other desert countries. According to Paton, there are around 200,000 hectares of land covered with seawater greenhouses in the Mediterranean region (2008). The Mediterranean region has been observed to be growing at a rate of 10 percent every year, since it started depending in seawater greenhouses for supply of freshwater. Before introduction of seawater greenhouses, many areas in the Mediterranean region suffered from water quality and availability issues. However, after the introduction of this technology, the situation has reversed and these areas are now practicing agriculture using freshwater supplied through the technology of seawater greenhouses. Example of these areas is Oman, and Abu Dhabi (Paton 2008). Rainwater harvesting is yet another technology, which can act as a good source of freshwater for arid region of the world. Rainwater can be harvested in arid areas through construction of dams in the arid areas. These dams are constructed in such a way that during the rainy seasons, all runoff water passes through the dams catchment areas (Need for Desert Rainwater Harvesting 2010). The walls of the dam are covered with non-porous material to avoid absorption of the harvested water by the desert soil after the end of the rainy season. This method has been very feasible in various countries, which are located in arid and semi-arid areas. A very good example is the Swami Madhavanand Lake (a surface dam) located in Rajasthan, a semi-arid areas in India (Need for Desert Rainwater Harvesting 2010). For a long time, Rajasthan had suffered from drought and lack of fresh water. Every time is rained, all the run off water would be washed down stream. Then after the end of the rainy seasons, people of Rajasthan would be left with no source of freshwater for domestic purposes as well as for irrigation. After the construction of the dam, the Rajasthan region has been having a constant supply of freshwater. Water from the dam is treated to make it safe for drinking. Water from the dam is also used in hospitals, and in farms. The prevalence of water related diseases has reduced in the Rajasthan region since the completion of the dam. This is because the locals no longer use unsafe water for drinking; instead, they rely on the harvested water in the dam for drinking and cooking (Need for Desert Rainwater Harvesting 2010). Buy custom The Different Techniques for Providing Fresh Water essay

Assyrian Crisis Essay Research Paper THE ASSYRIAN

Assyrian Crisis Essay, Research Paper THE ASSYRIAN CRISIS, A TIME OF GROWTH The Assyrian Crisis in Judah appears, from the surface, as a clip of great fortune for the people of Jerusalem. However, by analyzing the state of affairs with a more powerful lens, one can see the powerful spiritual infuence such an event could hold on a resident s divinity. If I were a Judean during this clip, my religion would hold faced the toughest trial of my life. Traveling into such a struggle with a state every bit strong as Assyria, I could non assist but be afraid. My castanetss would tremble at the idea of devastation of the Holy City of Jerusalem, of the people of Judah, and of my ain being. Although I would hold believed in God, I would still be filled with fright. This fright would intensify when I heard a courier for the male monarch of Assyria, as stated in Isaiah 36, mocking God, dissing His power and doubting His salvaging grace on Jerusalem. He goes on to seek and convice us, the people of Jerusalem, that Hezekiah is non trusty, and that we will non happen aid in Egypt because they are non dependable. Finally, cognizing the way of devastation that Assyria has already created, and their hungriness for more, in add-on to the courier s statement that the Lord has commanded Assyria to travel and destruct Jerusalem, my feelings of fright and uncertainty would uncontrollably well up inside me. We are, after all, merely human, and fright is a common feeling, despite where we stand with God. No adult male lives without fright, but though fear our religion is tested and strengthened. Upon hearing and sing the truth of Isaiah s claim that God will save Jerusalem and coerce the Assyrians back place, my religion in God would be fortified. In the times of fright, I would hold realized how weak, how immature, and how far I must travel in my religion and trust in God. But one time I heard Isaiah s prognostication, I would utilize it as a manner to make off with my fright. Knowing that God was traveling to salvage His Holy City, and that He was traveling to go on with His perfect program for world that dated back every bit far as the times of Abraham and held a hereafter for the reaching of the Messiah, I would cognize that my God follows His programs and maintain His promises. Through this, I would hold peace. I would shortly larn that I can swear Him in everything because as it says in Scripture, if God is for us, who can be against us? Bing a occupant of His Holy City, I would cognize that God was on my side everlastingly, and whatever uncertainty I of all time had i n God s promises or programs for my life would be washed off. Sing God spare my life, along with my metropolis, I could non assist but reconstruct all assurance that was lost in my Father. I would be able to follow Psalms 46:10, and be still, cognizing that He is God. What a comfort! What a sense of utter religion, arrant dependance, and arrant submission! Harmonizing to Isaiah 37:25-29, God had given Assyria the power that it had and allowed them to suppress who they did. But, upon recognizing the attiude and jeers of the Assyrians towards Himself, God sent them place and allowed their male monarch to be murdered. This transition would hold taught me, as a Judean, the other side of God: His choler. I had already experienced His grace and fidelity in salvaging my life and metropolis, but I now would larn that God s penalty is existent, that what we do against God will non travel unaccounted for. And sometimes, as with the male monarch of Assyria, the penalty is every bit dearly-won as one s life. This would learn me how nescient I would be if I were to mock my Father. Because of what He has so gracefully saved me from and due to the grounds of His power in penalty, I would larn to so grateful and so in debt to God, that there is no room or ground to diss Him. Furthermore, the grounds of God s grace as a lesson to my religion could be seen in two more instances. The first involves God promise to Hezekiah that the state of Judah will one time once more return the luxury it existed in. This involved an addition in harvests over the undermentioned old ages and a repopulation of the land. God s promise was fulfilled, and Judah shortly returned to their normacy. Associating this to my life, I could be assured that whatever tests I encounter, that God is ever in complete and entire control, and that He will reconstruct me. The 2nd grounds of His grace is seen in Hezekiah s unwellness. When Hezekiah turned to God in ardent supplication for healing, God responded to his supplication by leting him to populate for 15 more old ages. By God s response, I would hold learned that God has the power to alter the full class of our lives through our supplication life, and that I should neer waver to inquire God for extremist alterations, every bit long as I honor Him with those alterations. Hezekiah went on to talk of the significance of go throughing the joy of the Lord from coevals to coevals in Isaiah 38:19. As a lesson to me, I would hold used this to understand that the heritage of our religion has come to us because of faithful work forces and adult females who have carried God s message throughout the centuries. Recognizing this, I would see myself as the following torchbearer. The writers of 2 Kings write about the history of Israel, halfway between the decease of David and the decease of the state. Israel has been divided, and the two lands have begun to skid ito devotion and corruptness toward prostration and imprisonment. 2 Kings relates the seamy narratives of the 12 male monarchs of the Northern Kingdom ( Israel ) and the 16 male monarchs of the Southern Kingdom ( Judah ) . For 130 old ages, Israel endures the sequence of evil swayers, until the are conquere vitamin D by Assyrian and led into imprisonment. The evil male monarchs were short-sighted, and they thought they could command their states fates by importing other faiths with their graven images, organizing confederations with pagan states, and cenriching themselves. Of all the male monarchs in both the North and South, merely two are called good. The good male monarchs had to pass most of their clip undoing the evil done by their predecessors. Because of their obeisance to God and the religious resurgences during their reigns, Judah stands for an extra 136 old ages. By composing about such events in the history of Israel and Judah, the writers of 2 Kings would hold been influenced by what happened in the Assyrian crisis with Hezekiah. Through much of the book of 2 Kings, the writers understood the convulsion and the effects of holding evil and good male monarchs in a state. With an evil male monarch, came evil workss of blasphemy and devotion, and wickedness perculated through the state. With a good male monarch, nevertheless, God was kept in the foresight, and He would bless the state with protection and endurance. The writers besides caught a glance of God s forbearance and the manner He speaks to His people through Prophetss. God told his people that if they obeyed him, they would populate successfully ; if they disobeyed, they would be judged and destroyed. Had had been patient with the people for 100s of old ages. He sent many Prophetss to steer them and warn them, but even His forbearance has bounds, as the writers wrote about. The writers of 2 Kings would respond to the Assyrian crisis with a great sense of apprehension and readying, because they wrote about so many incidents like it, and knew how a good and evil male monarch could impact the hereafter of his state. They would see the state of affairs as fundamentally an evil male monarch from Assyria vs a good, Devout male monarch from Jerusalem, and therefore the writers could easy think that those with God in head would be the masters, in this instance, the metropolis of Jerusalem. After seeing the crisis semen to cloture as they suspected, the writers of 2 Kings would hold their religion supported. They would be more confident in cognizing that God does, in fact, take favourites when it comes to esteeming or mocking Him. They would besides go on to see how He can be really gracious, or really barbarous, depending on how people treat Him. To the male monarchs that followed Hezekiah, the Assyrian crisis would render utile as a lesson on how to populate in God s eyes. They would be able to look back on the state of affairs and see non merely how Jerusalem was saved from such incredible odds, but besides blessed afterwards. They could besides look back and see the subplot of how Hezekiah overcame the odds of decease. By analysing such scenarios, the future male monarchs must inquire themselves why the metropolis of Jerusalem and Hezekiah lucky, and how they can acquire lucky excessively. The lesson they will larn, nevertheless, will surprise them when they discover that fortune was non involved. It was the mere fact that the metropolis of Jerusalem and Hezekiah s life were both saved because Hezekiah had his eyes fixed on God, and prayed fierily to Him. God, through His limitless power, turned away the mighty Assyrian ground forces, and through His grace and clemency gave Jerusalem back the luxury it one time had in the old ages after the crisis. Out of love, He besides gave Hezekiah 15 extra old ages to populate, despite being deathlike ailment. The power of supplication proved to be true. At the same clip, nevertheless, the future male monarchs would see the choler of God when He is blasphemied through the slaying of the male monarch of Assyria. At a glimpse, this may all look to be luck, but looking nearer would learn the male monarchs after Hezekiah to esteem God and maintain Him foremost in their lives and their state if they wish to be successful and safe. From the position of the apostle Paul, the Assyrian crisis would function as a contemplation of his life. Many similarites can be seen between Paul, the Assyrians, and Hezekiah, and through these, Paul would understand what it means to be with God or without Him. By reflecting on the Assyrian crisis, Paul would experience a great sense of peace and gratitude for God s salvaging grace. The male monarch of Assyria was a adult male who blasphemied God. He was a adult male who was on a mission of bid and conquer, and nil was traveling to acquire in his manner. Once he reached the metropolis of Jerusalem, he persecuted Christians at that place, including Hezekiah, the male monarch, with words of jeer and abuses directed towards God. By assailing the Christian religion in this manner, the male monarch of Assyria was seeking to turn out the Christian s God was merely like all other Gods, powerless. Similarly, Paul persecuted Christians by traveling to Damascus to capture them and convey the m back to Jerusalem. He hated the Christian religion and persecuted it without clemency. He, nevertheless, converted to Christianity subsequently and became an amazing tool of God s for distributing the Gospel. Populating such a life against God in his yesteryear, Paul could hold easy compare himself with the male monarch of Assyria. Paul would derive great peace and thankfulneess when he realized God s penalty to the male monarch of Assyria was decease, and that he escaped such penalty and was saved by God. Additionally, seeing the successes of Hezekiah, like returning Judah to the luxury it one time experienced, being saved from the Assyrians, and being given 15 excess old ages to populate after his unwellness, Paul would shortly recognize that the lone ground God was so gracious and merciful with Hezekiah was because he kept his eyes on Him. This would learn Paul that, if he were to be successful, he must maintain his focal point in life on God.

Just read and answer Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Just read and answer - Article Example The researcher has used four good and quality sources. The first one is titled, Changes to Sat. This source is reliable because it is information that emanates from the website of College Board, an institution responsible for offering SAT exams. The second source seeks to analyze what SAT measures. It gives information on the importance of these exams, and its historical background. It therefore provides important information that that can help in analyzing the evolution of SAT, and the reasons of racial inequalities in SAT test scores. The third source is an article by Balf, an editor for New York Times. This article is reliable and answers the question because it identifies the major reasons as to why SAT was overhauled, and the redesigning which was done to it. It provides an insight on the reasons for racial inequalities of SAT test scores, and the efficiency of the new policy developed. The fourth source is an article by Dan Fletcher, which talks about standardized testing. It outlines methods of ensuring that a test is of high quality standard, and it is fair to all its participants. However, one major limitation of the sources used is unavailability of a journal or book. These are also important sources of information. Finally, this topic is important because it touches on education and University admissions. Students are the people who are likely interested in these research, as their ability to pass these exams would determine whether they would get a college admission or not. This proposal is therefore important, and other would also view it as important. Education is a matter that affects all people within the

Children With Sickle Cell Disease Research Paper

Children With Sickle Cell Disease - Research Paper Example The quality of life was measured with the TNO-AZL Adult Quality of Life questionnaire. The groups were compared by the Mann-Whitney U test. The study was carried at 95% confidence interval. The results indicated that patients with sickle disease had a significantly lower quality of life on all subscales as compared to the Dutch norm population. The abstract of the study is a complete overhaul. It gives clear and more defined information of what to expect and what the study is all about. However, the objective of the study is not widely stated considering the fact that it is not mentioned anywhere else in the study apart from the abstract. Citation Type of study Location setting Variables Framework theory Study design Sample The study is quantitative in nature. The quantitative variables are well designed and explained. Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation of the Medical University of Bialystok All female caregivers or mothers of children with SCD who visited the outpatient clinic o f the study center at least one year ago were invited to participate in the study. The dependent variable: quality of life of caregivers of children with sickle cell disease. Independent variables: socio-economic and ethnic background. Control group: female caregivers of healthy children. Considering the fact that the study is quantitative in nature, the existence of both independent and dependent variables is justified. The theoretical perceptive of the study is not discussed. This compromises the validity of the results because there is no link between the theoretical literature and the results of the study. However, the study does borrow some empirical perspectives from other studies. But empirical studies without theoretical perspective still limit the results of the study. All female caregivers or mothers of children with SCD who visited the outpatient clinic of the study center at least one year ago were invited to participate in the study. Because the study is a qualitative t ype of study, a questionnaire on the social and financial consequences of caring for children with a chronic illness was developed as part of a larger study. the questionnaires are designed in a way that it took one hour to complete the whole questionnaire. In addition, the study used the TAAQoL questionnaire for persons above 16 years, to measure the health status problems and limitations. SPSS was used to analyze the data and the results were well conveyed using the statistical methods of presenting data. The research design matches the approach and research hypothesis. However, one limitations of the study design is that it does not give much comparisons between the independent, dependent and control groups. Another limitation of the design is that it doesn’t clarify the type of data required for the study and instead it describes methods of colleting and analyzing data. The study used a sample of 700 from the reference population of similar gender and ages as the caregive r of the children with SCD. But the absence of the formula used to calculate the sample size makes the validity of the sample size in question. Strengths The study has a strong research design.

7 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

7 - Coursework Example Daniel Rendelman claims that  «we can reason excuses for Bible believers to celebrate Halloween but the argument does no good†. (Rendelman) The Church considers Halloween a satanic holiday – even the â€Å"trick and treat† tradition can be compared to the ritual of sacrifice to the dark forces. The Church also is trying to prove that Halloween causes in children anxiety, neuroses, psychical deviations, aggression, etc. D. Rendelman quotes the Bible when proving that Halloween should not be celebrated by the believers: â€Å"Test everything. Hold on to the good. Avoid every kind of evil,† 1 Thesalonians 5:21-22†. (cited from: Rendelman) Because the holiday of Halloween is of Celtic origin, and the Celts believe that the new life was born from the death and worshipped the demon Samkhain (Saman) that was the Lord of Death, the Church condemns the holiday and claims it is of evil character. It says that by wearing the costumes of the evil forces (the dead), people abide to the Satan who is the embodiment of the dark and the evil. â€Å"Halloween practices, from dressing in costumes to bobbing for apples, were once part of pagan worship. These actions are repeated today by people who are unaware or simply don’t care about their true meaning. Time may have passed but their origins and true purpose remains the same†. (Rendelman) Other traditions of Halloween, such as various prophesies, magic rituals, fortune-telling, divination and others, are also, according to the Church, of Anti-Christian nature. Celebrating Halloween, the Church claims, often results in people’s interest towards the Satanism and occultism. However, there are opinions that Halloween and the Church holiday of All Saints that is celebrated on November 1 are closely interconnected. Kenneth C. Davis in his article asks a question if Halloween is â€Å"a day of innocent merriment or a celebration of sinister forces† and claims that the proof of both positions can be found in the course of

Outsourcing Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Outsourcing - Thesis Example There may be facilities for the parent company to overview the progress going on in the outsourced work. It may be either on-site or off-site. Everything should go in accordance with the conditions of the contract signed between both the parties and each of them can bring to the notice of the other if any negligence or wrongdoings occur from any corner. This actually helps to assure and retain quality all through the functioning of outsourcing. Outsourcing refers to delegating back end functions that are necessary to run an establishment but are not a part of the core business. If we observe the market the trends in outsourcing could be understood clearly. It grows in bad times because companies want to reduce expenses. It grows in good times because companies want to grow. With the concentration on core business capabilities, many companies are outsourcing certain functions to experts. Outsourcing is done in areas like engineering, finance, health, accounting, human resources, etc. Anyway, a company goes for outsourcing means nothing but it is in the path of growth. Advantages: 1) Help cost reduction. ... Large multinational companies are investing in captive BPO units in supplier countries in multiple locations, to reduce risk and control quality. Robert Klepper and Wendell Jones points out that those who take decision should keep in mind so many things in mind. The basic fact is that managers responsible to decide on outsourcing are responsible to explain the advantages the organization is going to make. Besides, the doubts and suspicions that may naturally arise in the minds of stakeholders, suppliers, customers as well as staff could be cleared. According to Mr. Shiva Ramani (as cited http://www.thesspa.com/sspanews/June07/article6.asp) expects the following from stakeholders:"1. Perform a Thorough Self-Analysis2. Look at Strategic Benefits, Not Just Business 3. Skill Availability & Management4)Project Management & Un-interrupted Communication5).Quality Commitment" So many merits may be pointed out on outsourcing. The first and foremost positive thing is that the parent company will get more time to concentrate on strategically important subjects rather than getting hooked up around the day-to-day hassles of specialized jobs. Then comes the availability of top-notch resources. This can be made use of the company as and when required. Outsourcing helps to bring down operational costs by a considerable margin and this is being counted as one of the most striking advantages of outsourcing. Now comes the negative sides of outsourcing. It is feared that outsourcing results in quality failure in general. Also security will be at risk. The fear is not exaggeration in all cases. Some experts even point out that the economic security of each country involved may be affected. Coming to risk in outsourcing. No doubt, if the contract is not between two

Media and Culture in the Arab Society Assignment

Media and Culture in the Arab Society - Assignment Example In addition, the paper is going to discuss the mutual influence of culture and media as it manifests itself in the Arab society. Culture comprises of the philosophies, behaviors, objects, and other features conjoint to the adherents of a particular group. Hence, through culture, people and the groups outline themselves, abide by the people’s common values, and back the society. As such, culture comprises numerous communal aspects such as; language, tools, customs, morals and ethics, standards, rules, machinery, products, governments, and institutions. Further, most culture defines the institutions as the family, education, religion, work, and healthcare ( Andersen and Taylor 69). In this sense, the influence of culture on media in the Arab culture is mainly guided by the above-named aspects. For instance, morals and ethics are highly regarded in all Arab cultures. This has been attributed to its deep devotion to religion and equally through its high value for its institutions. Unlike in the American cultures where morals and the institutions are very diluted and less valued, hence being vulnerable to the media influences. Moreover, the governance of Arab cultures is very strict on the forms of technologies, products and organizations that serve its people. For instance, prostitution, pornography among others is viewed to be rime that can even attract death penalties. The presence of such hefty penalties, therefore, defines what can be broadcasted on media. Consequently, media houses have been forced to constrain themselves to what is ‘acceptable’. ( Andersen and Taylor 69) The other aspect that is valued with high regards in the Arab world is religious beliefs. Religion has been attributed to be the driving force of morals and ethics. With such deep religious beliefs and culture is bound to be in control of negative influences. Hence, Arab cultures have been able to define the media rather than the media being able to influence them. It is factual that most  cultures in the Arabs are Muslims and it is well known that value their religion.  

Ethical Dilema on Abortion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethical Dilema on Abortion - Essay Example Numerous states in the United States of America have been locked into a fierce debate over the issue of abortion being legalized. However, disregarding the legality of this act, it is essential to focus on the morality of the issue as well. Abortion has many trade-offs that involve a variety of values including a sense of where people come from. While the use of the right to abort can be legalized, the legality of the issue does not hold as much weight since this requires the elimination of some form of human life. Instead, one also needs to focus on the â€Å"ethical dilemma on abortion† (Ethics Score Board). Before understanding the different theories that surround this moral debate, it is necessary that the definition of abortion be stated. The definition tends to include two meanings: to give premature birth before the fetus is able to form a life of its own, which may be because of a miscarriage or spontaneous abortion, and the other includes the woman’s terminatio n of a pregnancy intentionally. Various feminist and pro-choice groups often regard the intentional abortion as a choice that the woman in question can make for herself. The trend for abortion is on the rise, which includes a variety of reasons. Nevertheless, according to a famous philosopher, Judith Jarvis Thomson, every individual has a right to live, and this right is also extended to the fetus. Therefore, in a way abortion is taking away that right. However, what about the right of the woman to control her own body? Hence, this is a central debate (Butts and Rich 73). The paper, henceforth, addresses the various theories that consider abortion as something not morally permissible for a variety of reasons. Analysis of various theories is essential in order to defend this argument. The pro-life view, which is opposite to the pro-choice view (those who support that abortion is every woman’s reproductive right), puts much weight on the fact that the fetus should be understood as a human being. Such groups also state that life begins at the time of conception, which means that killing a living being is murder and morally impermissible. Unless there is harm to the life of the mother, the fetus needs protection. The pro-life view also includes a variety of religious scholars as well, who quote passages from the scriptures to put forth their argument of pro-life. In Exodus 21:12, the verse states that anyone who murders anyone else should also be put to death. The group also considers the abortion of fetus to be included in this, because fundamentally, the fetus has gained life. This is also illustrated in the verse from Luke 1:41 in the New Testament â€Å"the baby in my womb leaped for joy,† which sheds light on the idea that since the baby leaped, it is very much alive (Butts and Mirch 75). And this â€Å"right to live† is also supported by the philosophical stance of Immanuel Kant and the Divine Command Theory. When it comes to understandi ng moral and religious issues, Divine Command Theory is perhaps the best. According to Cowan and Spiegel, the divine command theory is able to â€Å"provide sufficiently clear moral direction and an adequate sense of duty† (qtd. In Dunstan). This theory considers abortion to be against religion and morality because God does not support it, which has been supported by the verses quoted above. Additionally, a situation from the biblical scripture Exodus 21:22-24 has also been analyzed to state that abortion is wrong. The situation included a woman suffering a miscarriage because of two men arguing. Although this was an abortion, the scripture condemns the loss of life because as Cowan and Spiegel say, â€Å"The life of an unborn child is as valuable as that of an adult,† according to Christian belief (qtd. in Dunstan). There are verses which illustrate that life was bestowed on the fetus from the moment of conception, and God has ordained the entire life of that unborn f etus. Therefore, these precious unborn babies also

Media and Culture in the Arab Society Assignment

Media and Culture in the Arab Society - Assignment Example In addition, the paper is going to discuss the mutual influence of culture and media as it manifests itself in the Arab society. Culture comprises of the philosophies, behaviors, objects, and other features conjoint to the adherents of a particular group. Hence, through culture, people and the groups outline themselves, abide by the people’s common values, and back the society. As such, culture comprises numerous communal aspects such as; language, tools, customs, morals and ethics, standards, rules, machinery, products, governments, and institutions. Further, most culture defines the institutions as the family, education, religion, work, and healthcare ( Andersen and Taylor 69). In this sense, the influence of culture on media in the Arab culture is mainly guided by the above-named aspects. For instance, morals and ethics are highly regarded in all Arab cultures. This has been attributed to its deep devotion to religion and equally through its high value for its institutions. Unlike in the American cultures where morals and the institutions are very diluted and less valued, hence being vulnerable to the media influences. Moreover, the governance of Arab cultures is very strict on the forms of technologies, products and organizations that serve its people. For instance, prostitution, pornography among others is viewed to be rime that can even attract death penalties. The presence of such hefty penalties, therefore, defines what can be broadcasted on media. Consequently, media houses have been forced to constrain themselves to what is ‘acceptable’. ( Andersen and Taylor 69) The other aspect that is valued with high regards in the Arab world is religious beliefs. Religion has been attributed to be the driving force of morals and ethics. With such deep religious beliefs and culture is bound to be in control of negative influences. Hence, Arab cultures have been able to define the media rather than the media being able to influence them. It is factual that most  cultures in the Arabs are Muslims and it is well known that value their religion.  

Alternatives to Nuclear Energy Essay Example for Free

Alternatives to Nuclear Energy Essay Risky Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is a bargain on the short run; it is cheap, produces a lot of power, and a nuclear plant can be built virtually anywhere. The plant does not give off any carbon dioxide or sulfur, but unfortunately, the good news ends here. Nuclear Energy produces a by-product called radioactive waste, or spent fuel rods, and can be dangerously radioactive for more than four hundred human generations. Fortunately, there are alternatives that provide clean, cheap energy without the use of radioactive elements. A newly developed power plants that runs off of spent fuel cells and geothermal power can be solutions to nuclear energy. Even though alternatives such as reused uranium and geothermal power can be solutions, they have a few drawbacks such as location and distance, but the advantages outweigh the disadvantages and are much safer to operate than nuclear energy. Nuclear energy makes up 20% of the United States electricity and provides 17% of the worlds electricity (EPA. gov, Nuclear Power). Although nuclear reactors do not produce greenhouse gasses, mining and refining uranium requires large amounts of energy. If Transatomics reactor is built, it would capture 98 percent of the energy in spent fuel pellets, meet the nations energy needs for 70 years, and makes the radioactive waste inert within a couple of hundred years (David Ferris). Although radiation meltdown is and other nations. Instead fuel calls lasting more than four hundred generations, it might Just last for only four. Another solution to nuclear power and oil drilling is geothermal power. Using hot water from deep underground, geothermal energy might provide a cheaper alternative to diesel (Loy). Geothermal power utilizes heat from the Earth to superheat water and create enough steam to power a generator. The heated water is then fed back into the Earth to replenish the supply and continue the process. Power is generated similarly in nuclear and geothermal power plants. Both use heat to increase the temperature of water and then send the steam to drive a turbine. The only difference between the two is that nuclear power plants uses dangerous nonrenewable fuel while geothermal power uses the heat of the Earth, an almost inexhaustible source of energy. Geothermal power plants have to be located next to or above specific locations with high hot springs underneath. This is a problem in some countries because it either has no hot underground reservoirs or geothermal areas are too far away from urban centers, where electricity is needed the most. Although location is a drawback, the only potential danger from a geothermal power plant is a pressure exposition from one of the income pipes or pressure tanks. In the event of a pressure exposition, the only gas released into the atmosphere is water vapor and flying debris. It does not have the potential to spread cancer to thousands or harm more than 6 million people. An addition to clean, safe power, the plant can be hidden underground because it does not produce any emissions such as carbon dioxide or even water vapor. All the gasses are contained in the tubes and chambers, allowing the plant to be able to operate in confined areas. This can enable power plants to be built in pristine locations or urban centers without affecting the wildlife or busy traffic on the surface. Nuclear energy should not be there future of the worlds power source. Although it is a cheaper alternative to renewable resources, it is many times more environmentally costly and can affect millions of peoples lives if an accident were to occur. Nuclear power has developed over the decades, but I think we should let go of this last-century source and move on to more earth-friendly alternatives. Many power companies use power from renewable sources such as solar or wind, you can help change the course of America by switching power companies or contacting your local politicians about changing our infrastructure for the better.

Differences between men and women

Differences between men and women For a long time there has been considerable scientific interest in studying differences between men and women and the effect that these differences have within the relationship. The sexes are different because their brains are different. The brain, the chief administrative and emotional organ of life, is differently constructed in men and in women; it processes information in a different way, which results in different perceptions, priorities, and behavior. Women have four times as many brain cells (neurons) connecting the right and left side of their brain. This finding provides evidence that supports the observation that men rely easily and more heavily on their left brain to solve one problem one step at a time. Women have more efficient access to both sides of their brain and therefore greater use of their right brain. Women can focus on more than one problem at one time and frequently prefer to solve problems through multiple activities at a time. Nearly every parent has observe d how young girls find the conversations of young boys boring. Young boys express confusion and would rather play sports than participate actively in a conversation between girls who are discussing as many as three subjects at once Recognizing, understanding, discussing as well as acting skillfully in light of the differences between men and women can be difficult. Our failure to recognize and appreciate these differences can become a lifelong source of disappointment, frustration, tension and eventually our downfall in a relationship. Relationships between men and women are not impossible or necessarily difficult. Problems simply arise when we expect or assume the opposite sex should think, feel or act the way we do. Its not that men and women live in completely different realities. Rather, our lack of knowledge and mutual experience gives rise to our difficulties. Men and women approach problems with similar goals but with different considerations. While men and women can solve problems equally well, their approach and their process are often quite different. For most women, sharing and discussing a problem presents an opportunity to explore, deepen or strengthen the relationship with the person they are talk ing with. Woman is usually more concerned about how problems are solved than merely solving the problem itself. For women, solving a problem can profoundly impact whether they feel closer and less alone or whether they feel distant and less connected. The process of solving a problem can strengthen or weaken a relationship. Most men are less concerned and do not feel the same as women when solving a problem. Men approach problems in a very different manner than women. For most men, solving a problem presents an opportunity to demonstrate their competence, their strength of resolve, and their commitment to a relationship. How the problem is solved is not nearly as important as solving it effectively and in the best possible manner. Men have a tendency to dominate and to assume authority in a problem solving process. They set aside their feelings provided the dominance hierarchy was agreed upon in advance and respected. They are often distracted and do not attend well to the quality o f the relationship while solving problems. While men and women can reach similar conclusions and make similar decisions, the process they use can be quite different and in some cases can lead to entirely different outcomes. In general, men and women consider and process information differently. Women tend to be intuitive global thinkers, they come to understand and consider problems all at once. Men tend to focus on one problem at a time or a limited number of problems at a time. They have an enhanced ability to separate themselves from problems and minimize the complexity that may exist. Men come to understand and consider problems one piece at a time. There is evidence to suggest that a great deal of the sensitivity that exists within men and women has a physiological basis. It has been observed that is many cases, women have an enhanced physical alarm response to danger or threat. Their autonomic and sympathetic systems have a lower threshold of arousal and greater reactivity than men. In both men and women, higher levels of testosterone directly affect the aggressive response and behavior centers of the brain. Increasing estrogen and progesterone in men has a feminizing effect. Sexually aggressive males become less focused on sexual aggressive behavior and content when they are given female hormones. On the other hand, changing estrogen and progesterone levels in women during menstrual cycles can produce a flood of memories as well as strong emotions. Increasing or high levels of testosterone can produce an emotional insensitivity, empathic block and increased indifference to the distress others. At the heart of sensitivity is our capacity to form, appreciate and maintain relationships that are rewarding. Even here there are important differences. For men, what demonstrates a solid relationship is quite different from that of most women. Men feel closer and validated through shared activities. Such activities include sports, competition, outdoor activities or sexual activities that are decidedly active and physical. While both men and women can appreciate and engage in these activities they often have preferential differences. Women, on the other hand, feel closer and validated through communication, dialogue and intimate sharing of experience, emotional content and personal perspectives. Many men tend to find such sharing and involvement uncomfortable, if not, overwhelming.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  These differences found in men and women help me understand why relationships are complicated, and why is important to learn and accept these differences. I have a pretty good relationship with my boyfriend but sometimes I feel he does not care enough for the relationship, and that is because we do not how to communicate. That is something that I have been trying to change. I understand that we perceive things different but there are things that we can do to improve the relationship and we both know we can do better. Everything is part of understanding each other and be mature in the relationship. If I love somebody I will try to understand and identify our differences and make changes for the benefit of both.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Ladies, gentlemen, parents, friends, family, staff, fellow students: Instead of taking up more time and reading my speech, it is available to you at http://www.olen’s_speech.com. Thank you. No, just kidding. But seriously folks... Today we are gathered here to celebrate our graduation from 12 long years of schooling. The education granted to us has been a privilege. One so graciously given to us by the citizens of our state, by our community, and by our parents. Today would not be possible without them. So far this evening we have looked back over the many past memories of our school years, remembering the good times and the bad, talking about the fun times, and so on. Now I would like to bring your focus to the present, and make a challenge for us for the future. The ceremony tonight is a very old and traditional one. In past, such a graduation meant not only the completion of a school career, but also a step into adulthood, into society, into the world. With this came many duties and responsibilities. This still applies to today. I’m sure many of you have heard the â€Å"going into the real world† speech as often quoted at high school graduations. You know, the one outlining the responsibilities of living on your own: cooking your own meals, balancing a checkbook, doing your own laundry, etc. Those are all well and good, but I’m talking about something a little different — responsibilities which go beyond those — the duties and rights of citizenship. Most of you are 18 already, or will be very soon, this is the age at which we can vote. As full citizens, it is now our right, and one which we should not let pass by. Our country is founded upon a democracy, and all democracies have one integral part: power b... ...hould in the future suffer what they did — to save freedom by bloodshed. We owe it to them to prevent wars, and to know, to understand, to teach, and to learn from our neighbors around the world, so that we might learn to live in peace. I am saying all of this tonight as a challenge to us as we venture forth this day. It is tempting for us as graduating seniors to treat this moment as one of reveling in our independence from high school. But this night is not just for the moment; it is also for our futures to look back to. Let’s celebrate the new privilege and responsibility which will be given to us as the class of the new millennium: to make it better than the past. For we should all be concerned with the future, because that is where we will all spend the rest of our lives. Thank you, everyone. And the best of luck to the future of the Class of 2006!

Machiavelli :: essays research papers

A great leader is someone who appears to be priceless. Great leader is the main example of his people; he should have the characteristics of higher standards therefore developing his followers into something better. Extraordinary leaders need to have communication skills to understand what the followers expect from him. "You serve as an influential role model for your players and everything you do will be watched. Vince Lombardi says, "Leaders are made, they are not born; and they are made just like anything else has every been made in this country - by hard work."" (Sugarman). Great leader must be seen as being great not actually being one. Machiavelli suggests this idea in D1. To seem to have the qualities is necessary as opposed to having the qualities without the people knowing about them. This is true for all leaders not just political. D1 suggests flexibility is needed, "†¦ but you must have the mind so disposed that when it is needful to be otherwise you may be able to change to the opposite qualities." Flexibility is important; the leader all in all has to give the people what they want satisfying the majority. D1 says that great leaders are sometimes obligated to do evil if constrained without deviating from what is good (if possible), "†¦ being often obligated, in order to maintain the state, to act against faith, against charity†¦" Communication and timing are important. Great leaders are great when they get something across to the followers that the followers want to hear, there is a clear understanding from both sides. "The great leader is a master in the art of communication. He or she is aware of the strong need for actions to match words. Leaders need to possess a willingness to listen to input with an open mind." (Sugarman), "Leadership is about building connections. Effective leaders make people feel they have a stake in common problems." (Goodwin). Great leaders are good with timing; "Timing is (almost) everything. Knowing when to introduce an initiative, when to go before one's constituents -- and when to hold off -- is a crucial skill." (Goodwin). Leaders must care about their people (and of course show them that they care): "A leader who does not hesitate before he sends his nation into battle is not fit to be a leader" (a quote of Golda Meir) (Spanoudis). This sets an example for the followers to care about their leader too.